Copyright and License

The journal publishes under an open access model. To protect author rights and support dissemination, the journal adopts clear copyright and licensing terms.

Copyright

• Copyright is retained by the author(s).
• Authors grant the journal the right to publish, disseminate, index, archive, and perform necessary format conversions (e.g., HTML/PDF/XML) to ensure long-term accessibility on the journal platform.

Creative Commons License (CC)

• Articles are typically published under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) (version: CC BY 4.0).
• Under CC BY, anyone may copy, distribute, reuse, and adapt the published material (including figures, tables, and supplementary files), provided that the original work is properly cited and attributed, without the need to obtain additional permission.

Repositories

• Authors may deposit their manuscripts in external repositories/institutional repositories/personal webpages. This policy may apply to different versions (submitted, accepted, and published), and authors are encouraged to include the official journal publication link/DOI (if available).

Important Note (Third-Party Materials)

• Some articles may contain figures, tables, text, or other materials from third-party sources. The copyright of such content may not be held by the authors or the journal. Reuse of third-party materials may require permission from the original copyright holder, where applicable.